斯宾塞·谢尔曼，药房.D.
Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmacy 亚博真人官方版APP
What's the difference between a drug allergy and a side effect?
True medication allergies are rarer than side effects, 但潜在的危险更大, and are a result of the activation and response of the body’s immune system to an “insult” or “foreign body.” Allergies occur across a range of severities, 从轻微到危及生命, and often only occur on the second exposure to the drug, 引起过敏的食物或物质.
Mild allergy symptoms might include hives, 皮疹或皮肤发痒, while more serious ones encompass throat tightness, 呼吸困难, 肿胀的脸, 头晕, 皮肤变红或起水泡, or anaphylaxis (whole-body shock with life threatening low blood pressure). It’s important to seek medical attention quickly if these serious symptoms occur when taking a medication.
Treatment of acute drug allergies may include antihistamines, bronchodilators and/or corticosteroid medications to manage symptoms. Epinephrine injections may be used to treat anaphylaxis.
在开始新的药物治疗之前, be sure to advise an injured employee to let their doctor know about any drug reactions they have had in the past and to update the list of other prescribed medications, 补充s 或维生素s they may be taking.
药物, 补充s and vitamins all have an expected range of physiologic effects when consumed. The desired therapeutic effect of a drug is called its indication for use. 副作用是已知的, but unwanted reaction listed in the drug labeling that may occur, even when a medication is administered correctly. Side effects are not uncommon and may be mild, (e.g.如流鼻涕)或更严重的(如感冒).g., increased risk of a heart attack). They can occur when patients begin taking a new medication, 补充, 或维生素, if they suddenly stop taking one that they’ve used for some time, or if they increase or decrease the amount of the substance they take. A patient’s age and gender as well as the medication's route of administration, 吸收的差异, 肾脏功能, as well as co-administered medicines, foods or 补充s can all affect the likelihood of experiencing a side effect.
常见的, milder side effects of medications include headache, 失眠, 肠胃不适, 口干, 视力模糊和皮疹. Serious side effects are rarer and might include heart rhythm disturbances, 肝衰竭, 镇静或失去知觉, 呼吸抑郁, 等.
控制副作用, 在一般情况下, involves prevention and management strategies, including determining whether the benefit of the medication outweighs the impact or risk of the side effect.
The similarities between drug allergies and side effects are that symptoms of both may range from uncomfortable to life threatening. Prevention of both includes some strategies in common, such as identification and avoidance. A crucial difference is in recognizing the contribution to serious allergic reactions of the immune system and tailoring treatments and prevention strategies accordingly for the best outcome.
This information is meant to serve as a general overview, and any specific questions or concerns should be more fully reviewed with your health care professional such as the prescribing doctor or dispensing pharmacist.
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引用:
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/drugs/adverse-drug-reactions/overview-of-adverse-drug-reactions